the earth was lightened with his glory

Rev 18:1-3

Rev 18:1-3

1 And after these things I saw another angel come down from heaven, having great power; and the earth was lightened with his glory.

2 And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.

3 For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.

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Explanations

Fallen, Fallen Is Babylon

Fallen, Fallen Is Babylon

Revelation 18:1–24 — Fallen, Fallen Is Babylon the Great

Session 42 | A prophetic announcement of Babylon’s destruction with a call to “come out of her” — followed by laments from kings, merchants, and seafarers who profited from her. Source: A2K Online Church Archive — Revelation 18:1-10


Overview

Chapter 18 is a prophetic denunciation of Babylon/Rome, structured as a funeral dirge. It is the companion to chapter 17 — where chapter 17 unveiled Babylon’s evil, chapter 18 announces her certain and complete destruction.

The teacher uses a picture of fire and destruction in the distance with a person stepping back — illustrating the right response: knowing destruction is coming and distancing yourself from it.


The Angel’s Announcement (vv. 1–3)

*“Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a dwelling place of demons, a haunt of every foul spirit.””

An angel with great authority descends, and the earth is lit with his splendor. His announcement echoes Isaiah 21:9 (the fall of the original Babylon) and the second angel’s message in 14:8.

Babylon has become:

  • A dwelling place of demons — what was once glorious is now haunted
  • A haunt of every foul spirit — spiritually desolate
  • The source of fornication for all nations — leading the world into idolatry

“Come Out of Her, My People” (vv. 4–8)

*“I heard another voice from heaven saying, ‘Come out of her, my people, so that you will not participate in her sins and receive of her plagues.’””

This is the practical call of the chapter. God’s people are in Babylon — they live within the Roman Empire, participate in its economy, and are tempted to adopt its values. The command is to separate:

  • Come out — disassociate, distance yourself
  • Do not take part in her sins — refuse to participate in idolatry and immorality
  • Do not share in her plagues — judgment is coming

God Remembers Her Iniquities

“Her sins have piled up as high as heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.”

Babylon’s sins are not forgotten. God’s justice may seem delayed, but He remembers.

“Pay Her Back Double”

The call for double recompense is poetic justice — Babylon treated others brutally; now she receives the same measure. This is not personal vengeance but divine retribution that matches the crime.


The Laments (vv. 9–20)

Three groups mourn Babylon’s destruction:

The Kings of the Earth (vv. 9–10)

“Woe, woe, the great city, Babylon, the strong city! For in one hour your judgment has come.”

The kings who committed immorality with Babylon stand at a distance and weep. They enjoyed her benefits but will not share her destruction.

The Merchants of the Earth (vv. 11–17a)

*“Woe, woe, the great city, she who was clothed in fine linen and purple and scarlet.””

The merchants lament because no one buys their cargo anymore. A detailed list of goods follows — the full inventory of Rome’s luxury trade:

  • Gold, silver, precious stones, pearls
  • Fine linen, purple, silk, scarlet
  • Fragrant wood, ivory, bronze, iron, marble
  • Cinnamon, spice, incense, perfume, frankincense
  • Wine, oil, fine flour, wheat
  • Cattle, sheep, horses, chariots
  • Slaves and human lives (the climax of the list)

The last item — “slaves and human lives” — reveals the moral horror beneath Rome’s glittering economy. The empire’s wealth was built on human trafficking and exploitation.

The Shipmasters and Seafarers (vv. 17b–20)

*“Woe, woe, the great city, where all who had ships at sea became rich by her wealth.””

Those who transported Babylon’s goods also mourn. But heaven is called to rejoice — because God has judged Babylon and avenged the blood of his servants.


The Finality of Babylon’s Fall (vv. 21–24)

*“A strong angel took up a stone like a great millstone and threw it into the sea, saying, ‘So will Babylon, the great city, be thrown down with violence, and will not be found any longer.’””

The millstone imagery echoes Jesus’s warning about causing little ones to stumble (Matthew 18:6). Babylon’s destruction is:

  • Sudden — like a millstone thrown into the sea
  • Complete — “will not be found any longer”
  • Irreversible — music, crafts, grinding, light, and the voice of the bridegroom all cease

The Final Charge

“In her was found the blood of prophets and of saints and of all who have been slain on the earth.”

Babylon’s ultimate crime: murdering God’s people. The charge is universal — she is guilty of the blood of “all who have been slain on the earth.”


Summary

Element Meaning
“Fallen, fallen” Prophetic announcement — already certain from God’s perspective
“Come out of her” Call to separate from the world system
God remembers Justice delayed is not justice denied
Kings’ lament Those who profited politically mourn
Merchants’ lament Those who profited economically mourn
List of goods Rome’s luxury trade — climaxing in “slaves and human lives”
Millstone thrown Complete and irreversible destruction
Blood of saints Babylon’s ultimate guilt

“There were some people who knew destruction was coming and took a step back so they wouldn’t suffer those consequences. That’s what ‘Come out of her, my people’ means.”

The Tale of Two Cities

The Tale of Two Cities

Revelation 17–22 Introduction — The Tale of Two Cities

Session 40 | An introduction to the contrasting visions of Babylon (the harlot) and New Jerusalem (the bride). Revelation presents two cities and two women — each demanding the reader’s allegiance. Source: A2K Online Church Archive — Babylon & New Jerusalem - An Introduction to Revelation’s Two Cities


The Structure of Revelation’s Final Section

From chapter 17 through chapter 22, Revelation presents two contrasting cities personified as women:

Babylon (Chs. 17–19) New Jerusalem (Chs. 21–22)
A harlot / prostitute The bride of Christ
Drunk on the blood of saints Pure, prepared for her husband
Clothed in purple and scarlet Clothed with the glory of God
Holds a golden cup of abominations Holds the water of life
Rides a scarlet beast Descends from heaven
Destined for destruction Eternal and enduring

These are not merely literal cities — they represent two realities, two value systems, two ways of life:

  1. Fallen Babylon = the world system organized in opposition to God; the culture of empire, self-glorification, and violence
  2. New Jerusalem = the people of God living under his reign; the community of the faithful, pure and prepared for Christ

Why This Introduction Is Necessary

The teacher devotes this session to orienting readers to the “two cities” framework because the details of both visions are dense and easily misunderstood. Before diving into the specifics:

  • Babylon = Rome for the first readers, but Babylon is a recurring reality in every age
  • New Jerusalem = the church as the bride of Christ, already descending from heaven as a present spiritual reality
  • The reader must choose which city to be a citizen of

How the Two Cities Function

Revelation does not present these two cities as mere information. They are rhetorical — designed to persuade and motivate:

Babylon

  • Unmasks evil — shows Rome for what it truly is rather than its propaganda
  • Discourages compromise — associating with Babylon brings judgment
  • Shows the end of evil — Babylon’s destruction is certain

New Jerusalem

  • Gives hope — God’s people have a glorious future
  • Encourages faithfulness — the reward is worth the suffering
  • Defines identity — believers are citizens of heaven, not of earthly empires

The Practical Application

“This really challenged me into how I view the church today.”

The two cities call the reader to:

  • Discern which “city” they are building their life in
  • Reject the values of Babylon (greed, violence, self-glorification, idolatry)
  • Embrace the values of New Jerusalem (faithfulness, purity, worship, love)
  • Recognize that every generation has its own “Babylon” — and its own call to “come out of her”

Summary

Babylon New Jerusalem
Harlot Bride
Drunk on blood Clothed in righteousness
Worldly wealth Divine glory
Destined for destruction Eternal
Demands allegiance to Caesar Calls for allegiance to the Lamb
Built by human empire Built by God

“Revelation puts two cities in front of you and says: choose. You can be a citizen of Babylon or a citizen of New Jerusalem — but you cannot be both.”

Lenses